The side toes of a horse,the pelvis of the whale,and the human appendix are all examples of structures that resemble structures of presumed ancestors,which are known as

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Vestigial structures are remnants of structures that were functional and present in ancestral organisms. In the case of horses, their distant ancestors had toes on the sides of their feet, and while modern horses have a single functional toe, they still have remnants of the side toes. Similarly, whales evolved from land-dwelling ancestors with a pelvis and hind limbs, and their modern pelvis bones are vestigial structures. The human appendix is also considered a vestigial structure because it may have been used in digestion in a common ancestor with herbivorous diets, but has lost its function in modern humans.

The Side Toes of a Horse,the Pelvis of the Whale,and