When participants in an experiment behave in a way that they think is expected by the experimental situation, they are responding to:

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Demand characteristics refer to the cues or expectations that participants perceive from the experimental situation, which can influence their behavior. This can result in participants modifying their behavior to match what they think is expected by the experimenter, rather than behaving naturally. The Hawthorne effect refers specifically to participants changing their behavior simply because they are part of an experiment, regardless of any specific demands or cues from the experimenter. Experimenter bias refers to any unconscious or conscious influence that the experimenter has on the experimental results, whereas the independent variable is the variable being manipulated by the researcher.

When Participants in an Experiment Behave in a Way That