Questioning whether the time spent on a manipulation task is a valid measure of conscientiousness refers to the problem of ____ validity.

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Construct validity refers to the extent to which a measure assesses the intended construct (in this case, conscientiousness). Time spent on a manipulation task may not necessarily be a direct measure of conscientiousness, so there may be issues with construct validity in using this measure to assess conscientiousness. Predictive validity refers to the ability of a measure to predict future outcomes, while internal and external validity refer to the design and generalizability of a study, respectively, and are not directly related to the issue of whether a measure assesses the intended construct.

Questioning Whether the Time Spent on a Manipulation Task Is