Hemlocks cast much deeper shade than birch trees. The tree that competes more successfully for light is

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The tree that can persist as saplings in deep shade in the forest understory. Hemlocks cast deeper shade, which indicates that they are the better competitors for light. However, in order to persist as a species, a tree needs to be able to survive in the understory of the forest where there is less light. Therefore, the species that can successfully grow and survive in the shade of the hemlocks will be able to compete more successfully for light. This means that the tree that can persist as saplings in deep shade in the forest understory will be the most successful competitor for light.

Hemlocks Cast Much Deeper Shade Than Birch Trees