When immigrants supplement a declining subpopulation, they prevent the subpopulation from going extinct. This phenomenon is known as

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The rescue effect is the phenomenon where declining populations are helped by immigrants from other populations, preventing their extinction. A metapopulation refers to a group of partially isolated populations interacting with each other. Demographic stochasticity refers to random events that can affect population dynamics. Habitat fragmentation refers to the breaking up of continuous habitats into smaller, more isolated patches.

When Immigrants Supplement a Declining Subpopulation, They Prevent the Subpopulation