The two civilizations that gravely threatened the ancient Jews after 168 BCE were the

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The Hellenistic civilization, which was dominant at the time of Alexander the Great's conquests and spread throughout the Mediterranean, posed a threat to the ancient Jews after 168 BCE. The Romans also later posed a threat to the Jews, as they conquered the Jewish homeland in 63 BCE and occupied it for centuries. The other options (A, C, and D) do not accurately reflect the historical situation of the threat to the ancient Jews.

The Two Civilizations That Gravely Threatened the Ancient Jews After