Acts of Terrorism Are Typically Characterized as Either International Terrorism

Acts of terrorism are typically characterized as either international terrorism or domestic terrorism. International terrorism involves planning, direction, or support from outside of the target country's borders. Domestic terrorism involves acts in which all steps are carried out within a country's borders, and also includes "homegrown" terrorists who may have been inspired by outside groups, but did not have any contact or direction by those violent extremist organizations. Based on these definitions, which of the following examples would be considered an international terrorist attack?

A) A white supremacist kills nine parishioners in Mother Emanuel Church during Bible study in order to incite a race war.
B) A self-radicalized 25-year-old Iranian immigrant who moved to the U.S. as a toddler rents a car and injures nine people by running them over on the UNC Chapel Hill campus, motivated mostly by opposition to American foreign policy.
C) Nineteen men obtained temporary visas to the U.S. They traveled here for the purpose of carrying out a terrorist attack, planned by members of a radical Islamist cult located primarily in the Middle East.
D) Inspired by radical Islamist ideology, but lacking any formal connections to a terrorist group, a man decides to carry out a violent attack on his own. He kills 50 people in a night club.