The Closing of State Psychiatric Programs in the 1960s and 1970s

The closing of state psychiatric programs in the 1960s and 1970s was a direct, precipitating cause of which of the following?

A) the development of the dual diagnosis.
B) the increase in high-quality, privately-run mental health independent living facilities
C) the growth in the mentally ill homeless population, who are more likely to be arrested and incarcerated than people who are not mentally ill
D) the development of the Memphis Model.