The p value for a test statistic is based on the expected sampling distribution and can be found on a probability distribution table.

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The p-value is calculated based on the expected sampling distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis, and it represents the probability of observing a test statistic as extreme as, or more extreme than, the observed value. Probability distribution tables (for specific distributions like normal, t, chi-square, etc.) can be used to find the p-value, although software is more commonly used for this purpose today.

The P Value for a Test Statistic Is Based on the Expected