The nurse is caring for a patient with a substance use disorder who is addicted to heroin. The nurse understands that areas of the brain and nervous system have been connected to substance abuse and addiction. What is true regarding the nervous system and substance abuse and addiction? Select all that apply.

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2. Brain and nervous system components have been connected to substance abuse and addiction. It is known that changes in neurochemistry cause behaviors seen in addiction. Addictive substances act on the mesolimbic, not mesocerebral, system of the brain. Dopamine has been shown to play a key role in the neural pathway that provides activation for the feeling described as euphoria. Thus, the brain learns quickly that a drug stimulates a surge of dopamine, activating neural pathways and establishing memory of the pleasurable feeling. Over time, the reward centers of the individual who is using substances can become low, initiating the individual's requirement for more of the substance to achieve the desired effect. This is the biological basis for tolerance.
3. Brain and nervous system components have been connected to substance abuse and addiction. It is known that changes in neurochemistry cause behaviors seen in addiction. Addictive substances act on the mesolimbic, not mesocerebral, system of the brain. Dopamine has been shown to play a key role in the neural pathway that provides activation for the feeling described as euphoria. Thus, the brain learns quickly that a drug stimulates a surge of dopamine, activating neural pathways and establishing memory of the pleasurable feeling. Over time, the reward centers of the individual who is using substances can become low, initiating the individual's requirement for more of the substance to achieve the desired effect. This is the biological basis for tolerance.
5. Brain and nervous system components have been connected to substance abuse and addiction. It is known that changes in neurochemistry cause behaviors seen in addiction. Addictive substances act on the mesolimbic, not mesocerebral, system of the brain. Dopamine has been shown to play a key role in the neural pathway that provides activation for the feeling described as euphoria. Thus, the brain learns quickly that a drug stimulates a surge of dopamine, activating neural pathways and establishing memory of the pleasurable feeling. Over time, the reward centers of the individual who is using substances can become low, initiating the individual's requirement for more of the substance to achieve the desired effect. This is the biological basis for tolerance.

The Nurse Is Caring for a Patient with a Substance