The nurse is applying nursing theory to enhance therapeutic relationships with patients with mental illness through the use of self as a tool. Which theorist does the nurse recognize as having introduced this concept?

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3. Hildegard Peplau introduced the idea of the concept of self as a "tool" as important to the nurse as a stethoscope. Peplau described the concept of self as standardized and able to be continually evaluated and refined to ensure that is the optimal design for its purpose. Patricia Benner also described the concept of self as a tool; however, Peplau, not Benner, introduced the concept. Ida Jean Orlando stated that the nurse use self as a reaction of perceptions, thoughts, and feelings in response to the patient's behavior. Florence Nightingale described the concept of self as necessary for all nurses, and emphasized the concept of "whole self."

The Nurse Is Applying Nursing Theory to Enhance Therapeutic Relationships