A synthetic fuel that served as the major fuel for lighting and heating American homes until the 20^th Century is:

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Coal gas, also known as town gas, was a synthetic fuel made from coal and used for lighting and heating in American homes until the mid-20th century. It was produced by heating coal in a process called gasification, which released a mixture of gases including methane, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen. Coal gas was distributed to homes through a network of pipes, and could be burned in lamps or in gas furnaces for heating.

A Synthetic Fuel That Served as the Major Fuel for Lighting