In contrast to the earliest cities, industrial cities were characterized by impersonal and specialized relationships with little long-term commitment to the group or consensus on values. Tӧnnies's term for this is___________ .

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Tönnies's term for the impersonal and specialized relationships of industrial cities with little long-term commitment to the group or consensus on values is Gesellschaft. Gemeinschaft, on the other hand, refers to traditional, rural communities characterized by strong social bonds and a sense of community. Bureaucracy is a system of organization designed to ensure efficiency, while autocracy is a system of government where one person has unlimited power.

In Contrast to the Earliest Cities, Industrial Cities Were Characterized