Which of the following is true of descriptive studies?
A) Manipulation of the independent variable is the core element of true descriptive studies.
B) The utility of descriptive studies is directly dependent on the quality of the instruments or assessments used to describe a phenomenon.
C) In these studies, a researcher neither actively forms groups or conditions through random or nonrandom assignment, nor actively manipulates an independent variable.
D) Descriptive studies can confirm causal connections among the variables in consideration.

Question

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The Answer of Which of the following is true of descriptive studies?
A) Manipulation of the independent variable is the core element of true descriptive studies.
B) The utility of descriptive studies is directly dependent on the quality of the instruments or assessments used to describe a phenomenon.
C) In these studies, a researcher neither actively forms groups or conditions through random or nonrandom assignment, nor actively manipulates an independent variable.
D) Descriptive studies can confirm causal connections among the variables in consideration.

Which of the Following Is True of Descriptive Studies