The two tests the U.S.Supreme Court has developed for determining the lawfulness of a restraint under Section 1 of the Sherman Act are the rule of reason and the ________.

Question

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The two tests developed by the U.S. Supreme Court for determining the lawfulness of a restraint under Section 1 of the Sherman Act are the rule of reason and the per se rule. The per se rule refers to certain types of restraints, such as price-fixing and market allocation agreements, which are presumed to be illegal without the need for an analysis of their actual effects on competition. In contrast, the rule of reason requires a detailed analysis of the procompetitive and anticompetitive effects of a particular restraint to determine whether it unreasonably restrains trade. The Noerr doctrine, Nolo contendere rule, and Colgate doctrine are not relevant to the two tests for determining the lawfulness of a restraint under Section 1 of the Sherman Act.

The Two Tests the U