The threat of experimental expectations to the construct validity arises when experimenters consciously or unconsciously affect results through the way they communicate and interact with participants.

Question

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Experimental expectations refer to the potential influence that experimenters can have on their study's results due to their communication and interactions with study participants. This includes unintentional cues or behaviors that may bias participant responses or alter the way they behave during an experiment. Therefore, the threat of experimental expectations can compromise construct validity if not properly controlled for.

The Threat of Experimental Expectations to the Construct Validity Arises