Question 1

The exercise of power through a process of persuasion is known as

Accepted Answer

The exercise of power through persuasion is known as influence. Force implies the use of physical aggression, pressure implies the use of threats or coercion, and charisma relates more to personal qualities and charm rather than the exercise of power through persuasion.

Question 2

Which term do we use to refer to an economic system under which all property is communally owned and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce?

Accepted Answer

Communism is an economic system under which all property is communally owned and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce. Socialism, on the other hand, allows for private ownership of property but with government regulation and control over certain industries. Laissez-faire capitalism is a system in which the government plays a minimal role in the economy, while contemporary capitalism refers to the current system in which some government intervention and regulation is present.

Question 3

Transfers of money, goods, or services that take place but are not reported to the government are referred to as

Accepted Answer

An informal economy refers to transactions that are not reported to the government or official authorities. This may include bartering, exchanging goods and services, or using alternative currencies. It is also sometimes referred to as the underground economy, shadow economy, or gray economy.

Question 4

After a dinner-table argument with his grown children, a man changes his position on the issue of immigrant refugees being granted asylum in the U.S. His children have exercised what kind of power?

Accepted Answer

The children have exerted influence over their father, causing him to change his position on the issue. They did not use force or authority, and legitimacy is not relevant in this scenario.

Question 5

An unlicensed street vendor sells watches, which may have been stolen, from a makeshift stand in New York City's Times Square. Another individual repairs cars for "private" clients in a garage attached to his home. Neither reports their activities to the government. Both of these people are part of

Accepted Answer

The informal economy includes activities that are not regulated by the government and are not reported for tax purposes, such as unlicensed street vending and private car repairs.

Question 6

Which term was used by Max Weber to refer to the ability to exercise one's will over others?

Accepted Answer

Max Weber used the term "power" to refer to the ability to exercise one's will over others.

Question 7

The perception that the orders of superiors are legitimate because "this is how things have always been done" is characteristic of a political system based on

Accepted Answer

The perception that orders from superiors are legitimate because they are following traditional ways and customs is characteristic of a political system based on traditional authority. This type of authority is based on long-standing customs and traditions and is upheld by the belief in the legitimacy of the status quo.

Question 8

When leaders imprison or even execute political dissidents, they are applying

Accepted Answer

Imprisoning or executing political dissidents represents the application of force, as political dissenters are being physically coerced or violently suppressed into compliance. The other options do not accurately describe this scenario. Influence involves persuading or convincing others to take a certain course of action, while authority refers to the right to exercise power or command over others.

Question 9

Who among the following created a classification system of authority that distinguishes between traditional, rational-legal, and charismatic authority?

Accepted Answer

Max Weber created a classification system of authority that distinguishes between traditional, rational-legal, and charismatic authority.

Question 10

A particular sociology instructor decides what subject matter will be covered each time her class meets. The fact that the instructor can make these decisions and that the students must follow her lead is an example of

Accepted Answer

The instructor's ability to determine the subject matter and the students' requirement to comply illustrates the concept of power. The instructor has influence or control over the classroom setting and can make decisions that the students must follow.

Question 11

Karl Marx believed that

Accepted Answer

The answer of Karl Marx believed that
...

Question 12

Moses is working on a kibbutz in Israel where all the members have the same standard of living and they equally divide the profits from the citrus crop that is the primary source of income for the community. This kibbutz is an example of which type of economic system?

Accepted Answer

The kibbutz system in Israel is based on the principles of communism, with communal ownership of property and goods, and equal distribution of resources among members.

Question 13

What term do we use to refer to "who gets what, when, and how?"

Accepted Answer

The term "who gets what, when, and how" is a widely accepted definition of politics. It refers to the distribution of resources and power in society, and the processes by which decisions are made and implemented. The other options, such as political and economic systems and interest groups, are related to politics but do not encompass the full scope of the definition.

Question 14

Which of the following terms refers to power that has been institutionalized and is recognized by the people over whom it is exercised?

Accepted Answer

Authority refers to power that has been institutionalized and is recognized by the people over whom it is exercised. Influence refers to the ability to sway or persuade others, but it may not be recognized or institutionalized. Legitimacy refers to the belief that the exercise of power is right and proper. Political efficacy refers to the belief that one can make a difference in politics.

Question 15

The United States has considered a national health care system that would guarantee medical coverage to all citizens as a basic human right. The government's involvement in providing health care for all citizens is characteristic of which type of economic system?

Accepted Answer

Socialism is an economic system in which the government holds ownership of industries and services, including healthcare. A national healthcare system would be an example of government intervention in healthcare and is therefore characteristic of a socialist system.

Question 16

Which of the following would most likely be an example of authority?

Accepted Answer

Authority often involves a recognized and legitimate power, and a person leading due to their charismatic personality can be seen as having charismatic authority, a form of legitimate power.

Question 17

Traditional authority refers to

Accepted Answer

Traditional authority is based on customs and traditions that have been accepted over time. Examples of traditional authority include monarchies and tribal systems.

Question 18

Communism is an economic system in which

Accepted Answer

Communism is characterized by communal ownership of all property, with the aim of eliminating social distinctions based on production ability.

Question 19

In a society with leadership based on rational-legal authority, leaders derive their authority from

Accepted Answer

In a society with leadership based on rational-legal authority, leaders derive their authority from the written rules and regulations of the political system. This means that the authority of the leaders is legal and legitimate, and they have been appointed to their positions through a formal process that adheres to established laws and regulations. This type of authority is different from traditional and charismatic authority, which are based on custom and accepted practice or personal appeal, respectively. Coercive authority, which involves the use of force or threats, is not accepted in societies with rational-legal authority.

Question 20

Max Weber defined force as

Accepted Answer

Max Weber specifically defined force as "the actual or threatened use of coercion to impose one's will on others." This definition suggests that force involves the use of physical or psychological tactics to compel others to do something against their will. It emphasizes the idea that force often involves actions that are seen as aggressive or violent, and that it is used to achieve a specific outcome or goal. Therefore, option A is the best choice.

Quiz 14: Government and the Economy