An Illustration of "Crowding Out" in Macroeconomics Is Best Provided

An illustration of "crowding out" in macroeconomics is best provided by

A) a decrease in government subsidies for low-cost housing causes an increase in private spending on housing.
B) a decrease in the money supply decreases nominal GDP.
C) an increase in tariffs causes a decrease in imports.
D) an increase in the money supply crowds out the issuance of privately held debt.
E) a fiscal expansion raises interest rates and thereby lowers private investment.