What Were the "Russification" and "Germanization" Policies

What were the "Russification" and "Germanization" policies?

A) political and artistic movements in Russia and Germany seeking to create Russian and German art rather than importing models from Western Europe
B) policies by Russia and Prussia seeking to suppress cultural and political currents in the parts of Poland controlled respectively by Russia and Prussia
C) political and artistic movements by Russia and Germany seeking to export their culture and artistic models to the rest of Europe
D) competing ideologies by Russia and Germany seeking to influence the German minority in Russia,and the Russian minority in Germany,respectively
E) competing ideologies by Russia and Germany seeking to dominate Europe politically