The Requirement That Universities Establish Committees to Review Research Proposals

The requirement that universities establish committees to review research proposals to ensure that human participants are protected is:

A) a state law in all states.
B) required by the U.S. Constitution.
C) voluntarily adhered to throughout the United States.
D) a federal law that carries with it the penalty of loss of federal funds if violated.
E) a federal law that makes it a crime to do otherwise.