A microorganism that is usually harmless but may become a pathogen in specific circumstances is called:

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An opportunist is a microorganism that is usually harmless but can become a pathogen in specific circumstances, such as when a person's immune system is weakened or there is a break in the skin's natural barrier. Facultative anaerobes are microorganisms that can survive with or without oxygen. Antigenic refers to the ability of a substance to stimulate an immune response. Self-limiting refers to a disease or condition that resolves on its own without medical treatment. None of these terms specifically describe a microorganism that is usually harmless but can become a pathogen in certain circumstances.

A Microorganism That Is Usually Harmless but May Become a Pathogen