A 62-year-old male presents with difficulty swallowing.Tests reveal a loss of esophageal peristalsis and failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax.Functional dysphasia is the diagnosis.A history of which of the following could be the most likely cause? (Select all that apply.)
A) Parkinson disease
B) Cerebrovascular accident
C) Achalasia
D) Peptic ulcer disease
E) Pyloric stenosis

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Functional dysphasia is caused by neural or muscular disorders that interfere with voluntary swallowing or peristalsis.Disorders that affect the striated muscles of the upper esophagus interfere with the oropharyngeal (voluntary)phase of swallowing.Typical causes are dermatomyositis (a muscle disease)and neurologic impairments caused by cerebrovascular accidents,Parkinson disease,or achalasia.Peptic ulcer disease or pyloric stenosis would not cause functional dysphasia.

A 62-Year-Old Male Presents with Difficulty Swallowing