The state has been challenged from below especially by:
A) interest groups
B) environmental groups
C) consumer movements
D) ethnic and regional separatist movements
E) colonialism

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Ethnic and regional separatist movements have challenged the state from below by seeking greater autonomy or independence from the central government. Interest groups, environmental groups, and consumer movements may also push for changes in government policy, but they typically do not challenge the state's fundamental authority in the same way as separatist movements. Colonialism, on the other hand, is an external force that can shape the development of the state, but does not operate from below within the society.

The State Has Been Challenged from Below Especially By