According to Karl Menninger, individuals who harm themselves by means of drugs, alcohol, smoking, or reckless driving are effectively dying by

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Karl Menninger coined the term "chronic suicide" to describe individuals who engage in harmful behaviors that lead to premature death. This includes drug abuse, alcoholism, smoking, and reckless driving. These individuals may not have a conscious desire to end their lives, but their behavior ultimately leads to their demise. Vice suicide and pleasure suicide are not recognized terms in psychology. Referred suicide refers to a situation where a person intentionally or unintentionally influences someone else to commit suicide.

According to Karl Menninger, Individuals Who Harm Themselves by Means