Factors that can cause congenital malformations by affecting an embryo during its period of rapid growth and development are called teratogens.

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Teratogens are agents that can cause birth defects or malformations by interfering with the normal growth and development of an embryo. They can include drugs, alcohol, chemicals, infections, and other environmental factors that a pregnant woman may be exposed to during fetal development.

Factors That Can Cause Congenital Malformations by Affecting an Embryo