Question 1

Utilizing Erving Goffman's dramaturgical approach,Alfred McClung Lee has suggested that terrorism

Accepted Answer

Utilizing Erving Goffman's dramaturgical approach, Alfred McClung Lee suggests that terrorism is similar to the theater in that certain scenes are played out in a predictable fashion. This aligns with option C, which is the correct answer. Option A is incorrect because terrorism does not always involve the powerful and have-nots. Option B is incorrect because terrorism does not always have a religious basis. Option D is also incorrect because while terrorism may sometimes involve the powerful and have-nots, it is not always the case.

Question 2

Affirmative action is defined as

Accepted Answer

Affirmative action is a policy that aims to promote diversity and equal opportunity by taking positive steps to recruit and hire underrepresented groups, such as minorities and women. It does not involve admitting individuals to colleges or hiring individuals who are not qualified. The goal is to level the playing field by addressing past discrimination and creating a more diverse and inclusive workforce or student body.

Question 3

What term do we use to refer to the use of or threat of violence against random or symbolic targets in pursuit of political aims?

Accepted Answer

Terrorism involves the use of or threat of violence against random or symbolic targets in pursuit of political aims. Politics, hard negotiation, and war may also involve the use of force, but not specifically against random or symbolic targets.

Question 4

Offshoring refers to

Accepted Answer

Offshoring specifically refers to sending jobs or work to be done in a foreign country or overseas, typically in order to take advantage of lower labor costs.

Question 5

The systematic,widespread withdrawal of investment in basic aspects of productivity such as factories and plants is known as

Accepted Answer

Deindustrialization refers to the decline in the importance of the manufacturing sector in an economy, often leading to the closure or relocation of factories and plants. This can result in a lack of investment in basic aspects of productivity, as mentioned in the question. Downsizing refers to the reduction in size of a company or organization, often through layoffs or the elimination of certain departments. Shrink wrapping refers to the packaging of products in a plastic film to protect them during shipping and storage. Modernization refers to the process of updating technology and infrastructure to improve efficiency and competitiveness. None of these terms specifically capture the idea of withdrawing investment in basic aspects of productivity as described in the question except for deindustrialization.

Question 6

Which sociological perspective would likely view affirmative action as a legislative attempt to reduce inequality embedded in the social structure by increasing the opportunities of groups that have been deprived in the past?

Accepted Answer

The conflict perspective is concerned with social inequality and views society as being composed of groups who are in constant struggle for power and resources. Those who hold power establish the rules and policies of society to maintain their dominance. Therefore, the conflict perspective would view affirmative action as a legislative attempt to reduce inequality embedded in the social structure by increasing the opportunities of groups that have historically been deprived and oppressed.

Question 7

Downsizing refers to reductions in

Accepted Answer

Downsizing typically refers to reductions in a company's workforce, often in an effort to cut costs or improve efficiency. The other options are incorrect as they do not relate to downsizing as commonly understood.

Question 8

Which perspective would suggest that downsizing in the mid-1990s reflects the continuing importance of social class in the United States?

Accepted Answer

The conflict perspective emphasizes the role of power and inequality in society, and how these factors contribute to social problems such as downsizing. From this perspective, downsizing can be seen as a reflection of the continuing importance of social class in the United States, as companies may lay off workers in order to increase profits for owners and executives, while low-income workers are more likely to be affected by job loss. The functionalist perspective, on the other hand, would focus on the positive functions of downsizing, such as increased efficiency and competitiveness for companies. The interactionist perspective would look at how downsizing affects individual interactions and relationships within workplaces. The ethnocentric perspective would not be relevant to this question, as it pertains to attitudes and beliefs about one's own culture compared to others.

Question 9

When a corporation in the U.S.relocates its plants to a country where prevailing wages are lower than in the U.S. ,this is the final stage of

Accepted Answer

Deindustrialization refers to the reduction in industrial activity in a region or country, often due to relocation of factories to countries with lower labor costs. The relocation of plants to countries with lower prevailing wages is a clear example of deindustrialization.

Question 10

Sociologists Theodore Caplow and Louis Hicks have defined ________ as conflict between organizations that possess trained combat forces equipped with deadly weapons.

Accepted Answer

Caplow and Hicks define war as conflict between organizations with armed forces. terrorism and strife do not necessarily involve organized combat forces with deadly weapons, and pluralism refers to diversity and representation within a society, rather than conflict between organizations.

Question 11

The pluralist model is criticized most significantly for

Accepted Answer

The pluralist model is criticized for an almost total exclusion of racial and ethnic minorities from the political process. This is because the model assumes that all groups have equal access and influence in the political process, which does not always hold true in reality. Minorities often face barriers to political participation due to factors such as discrimination, lack of resources, and unequal representation.

Question 12

Which sociological perspective would be likely to suggest that in the changing face of the workforce,workers will find themselves supervising and being supervised by people very different from themselves?

Accepted Answer

The interactionist perspective focuses on how individuals interact with each other and how these interactions shape society. This perspective would be likely to suggest that in the changing workforce, individuals will interact and work with a diverse group of people, both as supervisors and subordinates. The functionalist perspective would possibly focus on the importance of each individual having a distinct role in the workforce, while the conflict perspective would likely approach the topic from the perspective of power dynamics and potential conflicts between different groups in the workforce. The feminist perspective may focus on gender and how it affects the distribution of power in the workforce.

Question 13

Which sociological perspective would be interested in studying how the introduction of an affirmative action program in a factory creates labels and stereotypes within a workplace and affects the relationships among employees?

Accepted Answer

The interactionist perspective is interested in studying how individuals interact with one another and the labels and stereotypes that are created through those interactions. This perspective would focus on how the affirmative action program affects the relationships among employees and the creation of labels and stereotypes in the workplace. The functionalist perspective would focus on how the affirmative action program serves to benefit the overall functioning of the factory, while the conflict perspective would focus on any power struggles or tensions that may arise due to the implementation of the program. The global perspective would focus on how the program fits into the larger global context and its effects on society as a whole.

Question 14

Which of the following is predictable in the aftermath of a terrorist attack?

Accepted Answer

Terrorists often admit responsibility for an attack to spread fear, claim victory for their cause, and communicate their strength and determination to both their supporters and opponents.

Question 15

A particular restaurant experiences a decrease in business,and this leads to a budget deficit.To balance the budget,the management initially pares down the menu so that there is less spoilage.Management then dismisses the busboys and buys an inferior quality of meat and fish.Finally,management fires several waiters and waitresses and increases the workload of those who remain.These actions illustrate

Accepted Answer

The actions taken by the management to reduce the budget deficit, such as paring down the menu, dismissing staff, and buying lower quality ingredients, are all examples of downsizing. This involves reducing the size and scope of a company or organization in an effort to save money and improve efficiency.

Question 16

Reductions in a company's workforce as part of deindustrialization are called

Accepted Answer

Downsizing refers to the reduction of a company's workforce as part of deindustrialization, often as a cost-cutting measure. Deindustrialization refers to the decline of industrial activity in a region or country. Anomie and alienation are social and psychological concepts referring to the sense of isolation, disconnection, and meaninglessness that can occur in modern societies.

Question 17

Positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women for jobs,promotions,and educational opportunities are known as

Accepted Answer

Affirmative action refers to proactive efforts to increase diversity and representation of underrepresented groups in education, employment or business settings. It focuses on promoting equality and rectifying the historical disadvantages that certain groups have experienced by discrimination. Reverse discrimination, on the other hand, refers to discriminating against individuals from non-minority groups in an effort to rectify past discrimination, whereas quotas involve setting hiring or admission requirements for specific groups regardless of their qualifications. Pluralism refers to respecting and valuing diversity, as well as acknowledging the different perspectives and cultures that exist in society.

Question 18

Studies of the pluralist model within distinct communities,such as Dahl's work in New Haven,have which important limitation?

Accepted Answer

The pluralist model assumes that all issues have the potential to be represented in government debate, but some elites may choose to keep certain matters out of the public view. Studies within distinct communities, such as Dahl's work in New Haven, may fail to address this potential limitation.

Question 19

A particular dress manufacturer closes a factory in South Carolina and moves the factory to Malaysia,where labor costs are lower.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

Deindustrialization refers to the decline in industrial activity in a region or country, often caused by the relocation of industries to areas with lower labor costs or other factors. In this case, the dress manufacturer relocating from South Carolina to Malaysia reflects deindustrialization in South Carolina. The other choices are not applicable in this scenario. Gentrification refers to the process of renovating and improving rundown urban neighborhoods, typically by the middle class. Downsizing refers to reducing the size or scale of an organization or business. Modernization refers to the adoption of new technology or methods in industry, often leading to increased efficiency and productivity.

Question 20

According to the Global Peace Index,which nations are at the top or are otherwise considered "very peaceful"?

Accepted Answer

Iceland and New Zealand are at the top of the Global Peace Index and are considered "very peaceful" nations.

Quiz 14: Government and the Economy