Ferdinand Tönnies used the term ________ to refer to communities that are large,impersonal,and often urban,with little consensus concerning values or commitment to the group.

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The term Gesellschaft refers to large, impersonal communities that lack shared values and commitments. In contrast, Gemeinschaft refers to smaller, more intimate communities where individuals share strong bonds and a sense of common identity. Mechanical solidarity refers to social cohesion based on shared traditions and values, while organic solidarity refers to cohesion based on interdependence and specialization in modern societies.

Ferdinand Tönnies Used the Term ________ to Refer to Communities