Although Miguel and Luis Both Consider Themselves to Be Hispanic

Although Miguel and Luis both consider themselves to be Hispanic, Miguel was born in Mexico and moved to the United States as a 10-year-old, while Luis's family has been in the United States for three generations. Based on social science research, what do you predict about these youths' school engagement and performance?

A) Miguel is more likely to devalue academic success.
B) Luis is likely to achieve more in school than Miguel.
C) Luis's stronger sense of family obligation will contribute to his school success.
D) Miguel is more likely to be cognitively engaged than Luis is.