The need for reading glasses or bifocals in middle age is due to the

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As people age, the lens of the eye becomes less flexible, making it more difficult for the eye to adjust focus from far to near objects. This is known as presbyopia, which is the gradual loss of the eye's ability to focus on nearby objects. In order to compensate for this, reading glasses or bifocals may be necessary to aid in visual acuity for near tasks. The ability of the iris to contract or dilate plays a role in controlling the amount of light entering the eye, but is not related to presbyopia.

The Need for Reading Glasses or Bifocals in Middle Age