During which phase(s) of aerobic respiration is ATP produced directly by substrate-level phosphorylation?

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Substrate-level phosphorylation is the process of producing ATP directly by transferring a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP. This process occurs during both glycolysis (in the cytoplasm of the cell) and the citric acid cycle (in the mitochondrial matrix). In contrast, ATP production during the electron transfer chain occurs by oxidative phosphorylation, which involves the use of a proton gradient and ATP synthase.

During Which Phase(s) of Aerobic Respiration Is ATP Produced Directly