As viewed from Earth,the farthest a planet can be observed from the rising Sun is called the greatest eastern elongation.

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Quizplus · Accepted Answer

This is true for inner planets such as Mercury and Venus, which can appear to the east of the rising Sun and reach their greatest eastern elongation. Outer planets such as Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn can reach opposition, which is when they are on the opposite side of the sky from the Sun and at their closest approach to Earth.

As Viewed from Earth,the Farthest a Planet Can Be Observed