Kristin,a Newly Graduated African American Medical Student,has Been Assigned to Work

Kristin,a newly graduated African American medical student,has been assigned to work in an urban free clinic in a lower-income area of a large city.She has been warned by coworkers that a number of the homeless residents in the area frequent the clinic for medication and services.On her first night,a young African American man in a torn shirt and pants comes in complaining of severe stomach pains and vomiting; he requests painkillers to reduce the pain.Kristin hesitates and gives him care only after she asks a series of in-depth and probing questions and only after she has treated a number of other European American and Asian American patients first.Kristin's behavior seems to represent what concept?

A) personally mediated racism
B) institutionalized racism
C) medical bias
D) institutionalized discrimination