Mikhail Gorbachev's changes within the Soviet Union, coupled with a failed coup to reverse those changes, effectively brought about the end of the Soviet Union.

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Mikhail Gorbachev's reforms, such as perestroika and glasnost, led to increased openness and economic restructuring, but also weakened the control of the Communist Party and the central government over the Soviet Union's constituent republics. This, coupled with the failed August coup attempt in 1991 by hardliners who wanted to reverse Gorbachev's reforms, ultimately led to the collapse of the Soviet Union later that year.

Mikhail Gorbachev's Changes Within the Soviet Union, Coupled with a Failed