Scientists believe that the modern eukaryotic cell evolved 3.5 billion years ago when a photosynthetic bacteria and an aerobic bacteria fused together.

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The modern eukaryotic cell is believed to have evolved around 1.6 billion years ago through a process known as endosymbiosis, in which one prokaryotic cell was engulfed by another and formed a symbiotic relationship. This event led to the evolution of membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Scientists Believe That the Modern Eukaryotic Cell Evolved 3