Which Statement Was NOT Offered as an Explanation for the Interactions

Which statement was NOT offered as an explanation for the interactions among socioeconomic status, gender, and ethnicity among African-Americans in relation to their ability to cope with stress?

A) Among African-Americans, middle-class men report higher levels of discrimination than women.
B) The attainment of middle-class status is often marginal for African-Americans.
C) At every level of education, African-American men have lower incomes than European-American men.
D) The pay gap between African-Americans and European-Americans is larger for women than for men.