Plantation economies characterized what economic era?

Question

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Plantation economies were prevalent during the first wave of colonialism, which began in the 16th century with European powers establishing colonies and exploiting the resources and labor of indigenous peoples in the Americas, Africa, and Asia. Plantations were large-scale agricultural enterprises that produced cash crops such as sugar, tobacco, and cotton, primarily for export to Europe. The plantation economy relied heavily on slave labor, which was obtained through the slave trade, and contributed to the development of racial hierarchies and exploitation in the colonies.

Plantation Economies Characterized What Economic Era