Collectively,the U

Collectively,the U.S.Supreme Court cases Grutter v.Bollinger and Gratz v.Bollinger suggest that affirmation action

A) is likely permissible if it is narrowly tailored to fulfill a compelling state interest and does not rely on quotas.
B) is likely permissible as long as it is a points-based system and is otherwise colorblind.
C) is likely permissible as long as it reduces racial inequality and promotes cultural awareness or understanding.
D) may be unconstitutional if the goal is to promote diversity.
E) is typically unconstitutional.