The lock- and- key analogy for enzymes applies to the specificity of enzymes

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The lock-and-key analogy describes the specific interaction between an enzyme's active site and its substrate. This is a critical aspect of enzyme function, as enzymes catalyze specific reactions by binding to specific substrates in a particular orientation. The lock-and-key model illustrates how the enzyme's active site is complementary to the substrate, much like a lock is complementary to its key. Therefore, the best choice is E, "binding to their substrate."

The Lock- And- Key Analogy for Enzymes Applies to the Specificity