In House Sparrows Passer Domesticus), It Is Generally Found That

In house sparrows Passer domesticus) , it is generally found that both males and females care for the eggs and young. However, some male house sparrows do not provide parental care. In addition, it is known that young that receive parental care from both the male and female are more likely to survive to fledging leaving the nest) . Which of the following activities by males that do not provide parental care would represent the most beneficial trade- off for the reduced survival of their offspring?

A) mating with additional females and fathering more eggs
B) attacking the nests of neighbouring males
C) grooming to eliminate parasites from their feathers
D) eating to build up energy stores for migration