The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), distinguishes between paraphilias, which are considered to be relatively harmless, and paraphilic disorders, which are considered harmful sexual behaviors.

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The DSM-5 does distinguish between paraphilias, which are considered atypical sexual interests but may not cause distress or harm to oneself or others, and paraphilic disorders, which are considered harmful sexual behaviors that cause significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.