One characteristic that distinguishes a population in an extinction vortex from most other populations is that

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A population in an extinction vortex is characterized by a small effective population size and a loss of genetic diversity, which make it more vulnerable to environmental stressors and less able to adapt to changing conditions. This can lead to a downward spiral of declining population size and increasing inbreeding and genetic drift, known as an extinction vortex. While other factors such as habitat fragmentation, species interactions, and environmental change can contribute to population decline, the loss of genetic diversity is a critical factor distinguishing populations in an extinction vortex.

One Characteristic That Distinguishes a Population in an Extinction Vortex