For a study to be called an "experiment," it is necessary that the researchers have complete control over all of the relevant variables.

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In an experiment, researchers manipulate one or more independent variables to measure their effect on one or more dependent variables, but they do not need to control all other variables completely; instead, they attempt to control or account for other relevant variables through random assignment, control groups, or statistical controls.

For a Study to Be Called an "Experiment," It Is