Threats to the validity of continuous panel data include which of the following?
A)history effects.
B)instrumentation effects.
C)before-measure effects.
D)nonrandom selection.
E)all of these.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

All of these are threats to the validity of continuous panel data. History effects refer to external events that may affect the outcome variable. Instrumentation effects occur when changes in the way the data are collected affect the measurement of the outcome variable. Before-measure effects refer to the pre-existing differences between groups that may affect the outcome variable. Nonrandom selection can bias the sample and affect the generalizability of the results.

Threats to the Validity of Continuous Panel Data Include Which