The 1913 alien land law

Question

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The 1913 alien land law did not specifically target any particular ethnic group, but it was designed to prevent aliens ineligible for citizenship (primarily Asian immigrants) from owning or leasing land in California. However, the law had loopholes that allowed many Japanese immigrants to avoid its impact. Furthermore, the law was opposed by most California Republican progressives, who believed that it violated the principles of property rights and equal treatment under the law. President Wilson did not take a position on the law.

The 1913 Alien Land Law