Frictional unemployment is different from unemployment arising from minimum-wage laws, unions, and efficiency wages because in the former, workers are searching for the jobs that best suit them, while in the latter, workers are waiting for jobs to open up.

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Frictional unemployment occurs when individuals are in between jobs and are actively searching for new employment opportunities that better suit their skills and preferences. In contrast, unemployment caused by minimum-wage laws, unions, and efficiency wages occurs when workers are unable to find employment because of barriers to entry, such as wages being artificially set above market rates or regulations that limit job creation. In these cases, workers are not necessarily actively searching for jobs and may be waiting for opportunities to become available.

Frictional Unemployment Is Different from Unemployment Arising from Minimum-Wage Laws