A child is far more likely to become aggressive or delinquent later in childhood, to be a substance abuser in adolescence and adulthood, to attempt suicide, to have emotional problems, and to have a lower IQ if he or she is

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that harsh and frequent spanking is linked to negative outcomes such as aggression, delinquency, substance abuse, emotional problems, and lower IQ. Permissive rearing and authoritative control style have not been consistently linked to these negative outcomes. Negative reinforcement refers to the removal of an aversive stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior, and it is not relevant to this question. The option "rarely spanked" could be a better alternative to harsh and frequent spanking, but it is not as strongly supported by research as the option A.

A Child Is Far More Likely to Become Aggressive or Delinquent