When a subject variable is used as an IV, it is
A) manipulated.
B) assigned after the fact.
C) an obvious causal variable.
D) all of these.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

When a subject variable is used as an independent variable (IV), it is not manipulated by the researcher but rather observed as it naturally occurs. Therefore, it is assigned after the fact based on pre-existing conditions or characteristics of the subjects.

When a Subject Variable Is Used as an IV, It