The mathematical rule of "equality versus non-equality" is central to nominal data.

Question

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Nominal data can only be categorized and labeled, and it does not follow any mathematical rules of measurement. However, the concept of equality versus non-equality is important as it defines the categories and determines whether they are mutually exclusive or not. For example, gender is a nominal variable with two categories - male and female - which are mutually exclusive and non-equal.

The Mathematical Rule of "Equality Versus Non-Equality" Is Central to Nominal