Of the following research designs, the one(s) in which the sample scores must be independent of each other, is (are) the

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In a between-subjects design, each participant is assigned to only one group or condition, so their scores are naturally independent of each other. In contrast, in a repeated-measures design, each participant provides multiple scores (e.g. before and after an intervention), which are not independent. In a matched-subjects design, participants are matched on some variable (e.g. age, gender) and then assigned to different groups, which means their scores are not entirely independent.

Of the Following Research Designs, the One(s) in Which the Sample