What does research show to be a key factor in terms of early onset of criminality?

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Research has shown that poor parental discipline, including inconsistent discipline or the absence of discipline altogether, is a key factor in the early onset of criminality. This can lead to children engaging in risky behaviors and not learning appropriate social and behavioral skills, which can ultimately result in criminal behavior. Close peer relationships and racism can also be contributing factors, but not as consistently linked to early criminality as poor parental discipline. Educational attainment has been linked to reducing criminal behavior, but is not a key factor in the early onset of criminality.

What Does Research Show to Be a Key Factor in Terms